Towards Healthy Outcomes for Individuals with FASD A Philosophy and Approach to Intervention
Main Article Content
Abstract
Background and objective
Individuals with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) may experience a range of behavioral, cognitive, and physiological difficulties that can result from prenatal alcohol exposure. Intervention approaches for individuals with FASD are required to respond to evolving strengths and needs throughout their lifespan.
Material and methods
In response to these evolving unique needs, best practices were developed by integrating current research findings with the experiences of individuals with FASD and their caregivers. The “Towards Healthy Outcomes” approach has been developed to provide an evidence-informed framework to support intervention for individuals with FASD throughout their lifespan.
Results
This framework was developed based on core philosophies that create opportunities for individualized intervention support, including development throughout the lifespan, impact of interacting systems, and a strengths-based approach. These underlying philosophies and core beliefs are actioned throughout the lifespan around the following 12 domains: (1) physical health; (2) attachment; (3) family cohesion; (4) social functioning; (5) mental health and regulation; (6) education; (7) identity development; (8) community engagement; (9) adaptive skills; (10) housing; (11) employment; and (12) parenting skills. To establish its potential use, each of these domains is considered broadly within the context of FASD field, including the new ideas put forward by the studies included in this issue.
Conclusion
The “Towards Healthy Outcomes” framework is an intervention approach that facilitates proactive and evidence-informed approaches to foster the development of individuals with FASD. It provides developmental considerations that are specific to the 12 domains and reflect the whole person. Furthermore, the “Towards Healthy Outcomes” framework allows for the integration of research with the lived experiences of caregivers and individuals with FASD that bridges existing research gaps.
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How to Cite
Joly, V., Harding, K., & Pei, J. (2022). Towards Healthy Outcomes for Individuals with FASD: A Philosophy and Approach to Intervention. Journal of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder, 4(SP1), e171-e185. https://doi.org/10.22374/jfasd.v4iSP1.20
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7. Reid N, Dawe S, Shelton D, Harnett P, Warner J, Armstrong E, et al. Systematic review of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder interventions across the life span. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2015;39(12):2283–95. https://doi.org/10.1111/acer.12903
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9. Pei J, Kapasi A, Kennedy KE, Joly V. Towards healthy outcomes for individuals with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder. Canada FASD Research Network in collaboration with the University of Alberta; 2019. Available from: https://canfasd.ca/wp-content/uploads/publications/Final-Towards-Healthy-Outcomes-Document-with-links.pdf
10. Kapasi A, Brown J. Strengths of caregivers raising a child with foetal alcohol spectrum disorder. Child Family Soc Work. 2017;22(2):721–30. https://doi.org/10.1111/cfs.12288
11. Cleversey K, Brown J, Kapasi A. Educational services for youth with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder: Caregivers’ perspectives. Int J Ment Health Addict. 2018;16(5):1156–73. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-017-9838-8
12. Unsworth K, McFarlane A. The Canada Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder Research Network: Understanding and benefiting from collaboration, experience, and expertise. Canada FASD Research Network; 2020. Available from: https://canfasd.ca/wp-content/uploads/publications/CanFASD-Understanding-and-Benefiting-from-Collaboration-Experience-and-Expertise.pdf
13. Reid D, Beland W, Richardson L, Flannigan K. What if? Incorporating the voices of those with lived expe-rience to change the focus of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder research. J Fetal Alcohol Spect Disord. 2022; 4(SP1): e162-e170. https://doi.org/10.22374/jfasd.v4iSP1.16
14. Reid D, Brownstone L, Schofield N, Pitawanakwat R, Stewart M. Nothing about us without us: Essential considerations for collaborative FASD research. J Fetal Alcohol Spect Disord. 2022; 4(SP1): e20-e35. https://doi.org/10.22374/jfasd.v4iSP1.14
15. Brenna B, Burles M, Holtslander L, Bocking S. A school curriculum for Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder: Advice from a young adult with FASD. Int J Incl Educ. 2017;21(2):218–29. https://doi.org/10.1080/13603116.2016.1193565
16. Mela M, Hanlon-Dearman A, Ahmed AG, Rich SD, Densmore R, Reid D, et al. Treatment algorithm for the use of psychopharmacological agents in individuals prenatally exposed to alcohol and/or with diagnosis of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD). J Popul Ther Clin Pharmacol. 2020;27(3):e1–e13. https://jptcp.com/index.php/jptcp/article/view/681
17. Popova S, Lange S, Chudley AE, Reynolds JN, Rehm J, May PA, et al. World Health Organization international study on the prevalence of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD): Canadian component. A report prepared for the Institute of Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health 2018. Available from: https://canfasd.ca/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/2018-Popova-WHO-FASD-Prevalance-Report.pdf
18. Popova S, Lange S, Shield K, Mihic A, Chudley AE, Mukherjee RAS, et al. Comorbidity of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis. The Lancet. 2016;387(10022):978–87. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(15)01345-8
19. Harding KD, Wrath AJ, Flannigan K, Unsworth K, McFarlane A, Pei J. Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder: The importance of adopting a standard definition in Canada. J Fetal Alcohol Spect Disord. 2022; 4(SP1): e5-e19. https://doi.org/10.22374/ jfasrp.v4i1.10
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